(However, in both the Old and New Testaments he arbitrarily used the name Jacob for the patriarch). The author of Hebrews has caught the man in the flash of a single word, "profane" bebelos)--of course, in the older, broader, etymological meaning of the term. Stade attempted a combination of this "mythical" view with the "national" view in the interest of his theory of primitive animism, by making the patriarch a "mythological figure revered as an eponymous hero." "Being not yet born, neither having done anything good or bad, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works, but of him that calleth, it was said unto (Rebecca), The elder shall serve the younger" (Romans 9:11,12). His character changed so dramatically that God changed his name. Combine a one-year tablet and print subscription to BAR with membership in the BAS Library to start your journey into the ancient past today! So at Haran it was the "God of Beth-el" who directed his return (Genesis 31:13); at Shechem it was to Beth-el that he was directed, in order that he might at length fulfill his Beth-el vow, by erecting there an altar to the God who had there appeared to him (Genesis 35:1); and at Beth-el finally the promise of former years was renewed to him who was henceforth to be Israel (Genesis 35:9-15). The death of his mother's Syrian nurse at Beth-el (Genesis 35:8; compare Genesis 24:59) was followed by the death of his beloved wife Rachel at Ephrath (Genesis 35:19; 48:7) in bringing forth the youngest of his 12 sons, Benjamin. Apart from the allegorizing treatment accorded them by Philo the Jew and early Christian writers of like mind (see specimen in ABRAHAM), these views belong to modern criticism. But it is not fanciful to note the resemblance between Jacob's character and that of his descendants. Jacob in the Bible Confess your sins to one another and pray for one another, that you may be healed. 2. He too takes up his residence at Hebron (Genesis 37:14), and the story of the family fortunes is now pursued under the new title of "the generations of Jacob" (Genesis 37:2). Jacob A son of Isaac and Rebekah. These matters deserve more than a passing notice. Sign up to receive our email newsletter and never miss an update. Jacob's birth name, Jacob, means "supplanter, deceiver"; it was given to him because, when Jacob was born as the second of a set of twins, "his hand [was] grasping [his twin's] heel" ( Genesis 25:26 ). She chose, of course, the latter alternative, and herself brought about Jacob's departure, by pleading to Isaac the necessity for obtaining a woman as Jacob's wife of a sort different from the Canaanitish women that Esau had married. There is a strange blending of moral and immoral elements in Jacob and his family as portrayed in this contretemps. In Canaan Again 4. Jacob's name change is also different from that of Abraham who is never referred to as Abram afterward. Jacob first appears in the Torah portion Parashat Toldot (Genesis 25:19 - 28:9), when Rebecca is pregnant and feels Jacob and his twin brother, Esau, struggling with each other in utero. He is most commonly known in the Bible for his cunning and deceitful ways, especially towards his twin brother Esau. Is Supplanter, a Positive Word? There is also a phonetic guide to use to see the proper pronunciation of Jacob . (A parallel case, perhaps, is Genesis 38:28,30, Zerah; compare Zerahiah.) (4) Rather than in any of the other scenes, however, it was at Beth-el the second time that the patriarch reached the topmost rung on the ladder of development. Laban would not consent to give him his daughter in marriage till he had served seven years; but to Jacob these years "seemed but a few days, for the love he had to her." Jacob, the Supplanter Jacob's name means "supplanter". Baroque artist Guido Reni depicts the apostle James, son of Zebedee, in his painting Saint James the Greater (c. 16361638). Its strength is naively indicated by the writer in two ways: impliedly in the sudden output of physical power at the well-side (Genesis 29:10), and expressly in the patient years of toil for Rachel's sake, which "seemed unto him but a few days for the love he had to her" (Genesis 29:20). Through admitting our brokenness to Him, God can give us a new life as His children, and we can enter into an eternal relationship with Him, full of His blessings and good promises over our lives. Other common mens names like Joseph and Judah are likewise repeated within one list (Luke 3:26, 30). His motive in going, however, is represented as being fundamentally the desire to terminate an absence from his father's country that had already grown too long (Genesis 31:30; compare Genesis 30:25)--a desire which in fact presented itself to him in the form of a revelation of God's own purpose and command (Genesis 31:3). He was born probably at Lahai-roi, when his father was fifty-nine and Abraham one hundred and fifty-nine years old. (2) In its significance for his personal history, the first of these revelations was unique. Jacob is a biblical hero who depicts the power and grace of God to change and renew. Hosea 12:2: The LORD has a charge to bring against Judah; he will punish Jacob according to his ways and repay him according to his deeds., Genesis 27:36: Esau said, Isnt he rightly named Jacob? Hence, Jacob means in Hebrew one who follows on another's heels (Genesis 25:26). Scholars providing a transliteration of James indicate Iakbos, which even lay readers know is not the same. So he gathered together his big family and his great flocks of sheep and herds of cattle, and began the long trip. Jacob is the father of the twelve tribes of Israel and is a significant figure in biblical history. BDB adds Heel, Overreach, One Closely Following. of Furthermore, it is hard to deny that Mary was in the line of David, not Aaron, which is why she went to Bethlehem for the census. What he meant to do he probably knew but imperfectly himself. Before Jacob's arrival in the South of Canaan where his father yet lived and where his own youth had been spent, he passed through a period of wandering in Central Palestine, somewhat similar to that narrated of his grandfather Abraham. Jacob, in his 78th year, was sent from the family home to avoid his brother, and to seek a wife among his kindred in Padan-aram. And this too may justly be claimed as a climax in Jacob's development. Through what stages did he pass in the development of his beliefs and his character? Isaac essayed to go to Egypt for the same cause (Genesis 26:1), and was prevented by revelation. This free audio Bible name pronunciation guide is a valuable tool in your study of God's word. There all remain until their death, but the "fathers" (Joseph and his brethren; compare Jerome, Epistola cviii, edition Migne) are buried in the family possession near Shechem. He is currently Associate Professor Extraordinary of New Testament at Stellenbosch University. Mesopotamian creation myths, Josephs relationship with Egyptian temple practices and 3 tales of Ur, the birthplace of Abraham. Finally, such a comparison of these revelations to Jacob reveals a variety in the way God makes Himself known. "Jacob" occurs in the NT 26x, always of the patriarch except for the two references to Jesus' paternal grandfather . Unlike Esau, he was not callous to the touch of God. Deuteronomy 26:17-19 Thou hast avouched the LORD this day to be thy God, and to walk in his ways, and to keep his statutes, and his commandments, and his judgments, and to hearken unto his voice: . For example, he calls Josiah the father of Jeconiah, though he was the grandfather of Jeconiah. The answer to this question depends upon the degree of strength with which the Divine name was felt to be the subject of the verb As Jacob-el, the simplest interpretation of the name is undoubtedly, as Baethgen urges (Beitrage zur sem. John Wycliffe made the first Bible translation into English. Genesis 32v28 35v10 God says that Jacob will no longer be called Jacob yet Jacob is still called Jacob in the bible and even God calls him Jacob in genesis 46v2? Required fields are marked *, COPYRIGHT 2022 BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY SOCIETY 5614 Connecticut Ave NW #343, Washington DC 20015-2604. Because generally name of a person never changes, no matter where he/she belongs to and live. Jacob is not primarily to be blamed for the polygamy that brought trouble into his home-life and sowed the seeds of division and jealousy in the nation of the future. The brothers part, not to meet again until they meet to bury their father at Hebron (Genesis 35:29). Elizebeth, When his mother, Rebekah, asked God during her pregnancy what was happening to her, God told her that there were two nations within her womb who would become divided. Since the 13th century, the form of the Latin name Iacomus began its use in English. Ephraim was a natural chapter in his book of travels. In my forthcoming novel, Second Born, I attempted to use Jacob and Joshua as the brothers name, but it got too confusing for many lay readers. And it has been remarked already that in the later revelations the same care is taken to identify the Revealer with the One who gave that first revelation, or else to identify Him, as then, with the God of the fathers. "Saga," we are told, "is not capable of preserving through so many centuries a picture" of the real character or deeds of its heroes, even supposing that persons bearing these names once actually lived; and we are reminded of the contrast between the Etzel of saga and the Attila of history, the Dietrich of saga and the Theodoric of history. Confess your sins to one another and pray for one another, that you may be healed. Tal Ilan identifies Jacob as the 15th most popular name in Palestine in antiquity, with 18 known persons carrying it.3 Including both the Eastern and Western Diasporas, Jacob was the third most popular Jewish name, with 74 occurrences. Leviticus 14:49 Blood for disinfectant? He leads field studies in Turkey and the eastern Mediterranean for university, seminary and church groups. According to the Book of Genesis, the patriarch Jacob was given the name Israel (Hebrew: , Modern: Yisrael, Tiberian: Yirl) after he wrestled with the angel (Genesis 32:28 and 35:10). Biblical scholars and publishers would need to agree that continued use of James is linguistically indefensible and culturally misleading. Jacobs struggle with God is symbolic of his struggle with his inner self. Among these four significations, which most commends itself as the original intent in the use of this verb to form a proper name? Are you trying to say they didnt believe in Jesus, who came a thousand years later? Who Was Jacob in the Bible? Yet in Beersheba, while en route to Egypt, Jacob had obtained a greater honor than this reception by Pharaoh. who would determine what is context and what is meant for reader interpretation.. How about restoring the transliterated Hebrew name of Jesus (Yeshua or Yehoshua)? JACOB (1) ja'-kub: I. For these reasons, changing English translations of James to Jacob makes a lot of sense. Jacob has long been a popular Jewish name and has been a top 100 U.S. name for 30-plus years. The story of Esau is found in Genesis 25:19-28:9, 32:1 -33:20, and 35:27-36:43. These last days are passed over without record, save of the growth and prosperity of the family. Meaning: # Supplanter, held by the heel. "Entry for 'JACOB (1)'". Abraham had gone to Egypt to escape a famine (Genesis 12:10), but he went without revelation, and returned with bitter experience of his error. HIS PLACE IN THE PATRIARCHAL SUCCESSION. Jacob was soon after this deeply grieved by the loss of his beloved son Joseph through the jealousy of his brothers ( 37:33 ). What Do We Learn about Nahor in the Bible? Jacob means supplanter and is his name before his transformation. The name Jacob continued to be used for the nation or people of Israel. Jacob lived in the Land of Canaan, Haran, and Egypt. This is a translation of biography into prophecy. The name Jacob is believed to mean one that follows on another's heels. Paul's interest in Jacob appears in connection with his discussion of Divine election, where he calls attention to the oracle of Genesis 25:23 and to the use already made of the passage by Malachi (1:2 f), and reminds his readers that this choice of Jacob and rejection of Esau was made by God even before these twin sons of Isaac and Rebecca were born. Click the PLAY button below to hear how to pronounce Jacob . Joshua 10:23,40 Jerusalem captured or not? It is no wonder that after this solemn theophany we find Jacob, like Moses later, `enduring as seeing him who is invisible' (Hebrews 11:27), and "waiting for the salvation" (Genesis 49:18) of a God `who is not ashamed of him, to be called his God' (Hebrews 11:16), but is repeatedly called "the God of Jacob.". 1837. Jacob's career falls into the four distinct periods: that of his residence with Isaac in Canaan, that of his residence with Laban in Aram, that of his independent life in Canaan and that of his migration to Egypt. There is the persistent tradition of separateness from the Canaanites bequeathed from Abraham's day (chapter 24), together with a growing family consciousness and sense of superiority (34:7,14,31). Be our patron for as little as one dollar a month: https://www.abarim-publications.com/Meaning/Jacob.html, The Passion of the Christ and the Theory of Everything, Stars and fractals: the many hearts of wisdom, How the Bible relates to Homer like Ape to Dog, How circumcision created the modern world, The many Hebrew roots of the Greek language, A disciple of Jesus and one of two sons of, Another disciple of Jesus, namely a son of, A full brother of Jesus, who came to be known as James the Just (. Yet now hear, O Jacob my servant; and Israel, whom I have chosen: thus saith the LORD that made thee, and formed thee from the womb, which will help thee; Fear not, O Jacob, my servant; and thou, Jesurun, whom I have chosen. There, probably, his embalmed body remains to this day ( 50:1-13 ). In all future English translations the name stuck, especially after 1611, when King James I sponsored the translation then called the Authorized Version. Jacob was able to experience a new identity through his new name, Israel. When I asked what the name of these men was in their languages, they all said Jacob., When I was teaching a course on the New Testament General Letters (Hebrews through Jude), I began by introducing the Book of Jacob, also known as the Book of James. Their descendants were its fulfillment. At first, then, it meant "'El deceives" or "'El recompenses" (so B. Luther, ZATW, 1901, 60; compare also the same writer, as well as Meyer himself, in the latter's Israeliten, etc., 109, 271). Edison Gon Ocay, Another linguistic note: referring to King James I or II of England are the terms Jacobean or Jacobite. But there still remain many passages in both Testaments where the Jacob or Israel of Ge is clearly alluded to. Santiago, (also San Iago, San Tiago, Santyago, Sant-Yago, San Thiago) is a Spanish name that derives from the Hebrew name Jacob (Yaakov) via Sant Iago, Sant Yago, Santo Iago, or Santo Yago, first used to denote Saint James the Great, the brother of John the Apostle.Dec 12, 2013. Meyer proposes the monstrosity of a nominal sentence with the translation, " `He deceives' is 'El." Deceit and cowardice are visible again and again in the impartial record of his life. On day I was researching this Simon who took over after the death of James. All the most significant chapters in life awaited him: self-determination, love, marriage, fatherhood, domestic provision and administration, adjustment of his relations with men, and above all a personal and independent religious experience. From the foregoing, two things appear with respect to Jacob's attitude toward the promise of God. In the first revelation, naturally, the effort is made chiefly to impress upon its recipient the identity of the revealing God with the God of his fathers. The most general word of all in the Semitic tongues for deity is 'El, the word used in the revelations to Jacob at Haran in Ge (31:13), at Shechem (35:1), at Beth-el the second time (35:11) and at Beersheba (46:3). He bought the birthright from his brother Esau, and afterward acquired the blessing intended for Esau, by practicing a well-known deceit on Isaac. Genesis 34, which tells the story of Dinah's seduction and her brother's revenge, throws as much light upon the relations of Jacob and the Canaanites, as does chapter 14 or chapter 23 upon Abraham's relations, or chapter 26 upon Isaac's relations, with such settled inhabitants of the land. Jacob then married Rachel and worked for Laban another seven years for her. Due to its Scottish roots, it also has a royal connotation and became more widely popularized when King James VI took over the English throne in the 17th century. All the Twins in the Bible: 1. To start, a footnote could denote that James is really Jacob. If you restore biblical names to the Greek, translation, it is still not what they would have been known as at that time. Like some 50 other Hebrew names of this same form, it has no subject for the verb expressed. One shall say, "I am the LORD's," another shall be named after Jacob, And this one shall write on his hand, "The LORD's," and receive the name Israel. Other seven years of service had to be completed probably before he obtained the beloved Rachel. Give the Gift of Bible Study Tools PLUS! As we know biblical names/Hebrew names have deep meaning. This feud was occasioned by the fraud that Jacob at Rebekah's behest practiced upon his father and brother, when these two were minded to nullify the clearly revealed purpose of the oracle (Genesis 25:23) and the sanctions of a solemn oath (Genesis 25:33). Even Sauls companion Silas has been given back his Aramaic name, Shila. )-bu(-u), like Aq-bi-ili alongside of A-qa-bi-ili; all of which may be associated with the same root `aqabh, as appears in Jacob (see H. Ranke, Early Babylonian Personal Names, 1905, with annotations by Professor Hilprecht as editor, especially pp. The word "Jacob" is used in the Bible to refer to both the patriarch Jacob and his son, Israel. Benjamin. At Peniel the angel of God explains the new name of Israel by saying, "Thou hast striven with God ('Elohim) and with men, and hast prevailed." The older was named Esau and the younger Jacob. one who follows on another's heels; supplanter, ( Genesis 25:26 ; 27:36 ; Hosea 12:2-4 ), the second born of the twin sons of Isaac by Rebekah. 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However, after losing to God in a wrestling match, Jacob received God's blessings and a new name - Israel. Will We Be Judged for Every Empty Word Spoken? It happened when they were on a trip. While journeying from Bethel to Ephrath (the Canaanitish name of Bethlehem), Rachel died in giving birth to her second son Benjamin ( 35:16-20 ), fifteen or sixteen years after the birth of Joseph. It determined their whole identity moving forward. Beth-el witnessed Jacob's choice, evidently for the first time, of his fathers' God as his God. Thenceforth one of the ordinary terms for deity, with or without an attributive adjunct, serves to lift the patriarch's soul into communication with his Divine Interlocutor. Both spring from unbelief. There is a considerable group of passages that refer to him as the last of the patriarchal triumvirate--Abraham, Isaac and Jacob: so particularly of Yahweh as the "God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob," and of the covenant-oath as having been "sworn unto Abraham, Isaac and Jacob." The story of Jacob is told in Genesis 25:19-37:36 and 42:1-50:3. For in the first place, Esau, who possessed so much that Jacob lacked--directness, manliness, a sort of bonhomie, that made him superficially more attractive than his brother--Esau shows nowhere any real "sense" for things spiritual. Jacob showed himself to be shrewd in his dealings with his impatient and passionate twin brother Esau as he took advantage of Esau's extreme hunger to persuade him to trade his birthright for a bowl of stew. It is clear that Matthew's genealogy is not an exhaustive list; he uses "father" in a figurative sense for "grandfather" or "ancestor" at times, a common usage in Matthew's Jewish culture. Jacob is a classic and popular boy name. Jacob 5:16 WMB. Jacob of the Bible By Boruch Altein Jacob ( Yaakov in Hebrew) was the third and final of the Jewish Patriarchs. Soft biblical names for boys are back in fashion Ezra, Asher, Eli, and Jonah are among today's favorites. Common nicknames for Jacob include: Cubby: The last syllable sound of Jacob, "kub" can lend itself to the nickname Cubby. Most difficult to change would be Bible translations, which are very conservative. One shall say, I am the LORD's; and another shall call himself by the name of Jacob; and another shall subscribe with his hand to the LORD, and surname himself by the name of Israel. Mark received his doctorate in Biblical studies from the University of South Africa (Pretoria), where he serves as a research fellow in Biblical archaeology. To be sure there is no historical knowledge to be gained here about the patriarchs, but only about the time in which the stories concerning them arose in the people of Israel; this later time with its inward and outward characteristics is here unintentionally projected into the gray antiquity and mirrored therein like a glorified phantasm . (p. 318). The Comparatively Clear Prophecies of the Messiah. Whereas much of the material in these stories came to the Hebrews from the Babylonians, Canaanites or Egyptians, Jacob himself is declared to have belonged to the old Hebrew saga, with its flavor of nomadic desert life and sheep-raising. (3) Patronymic denoting the Israelites (Isaiah 10:21; 14:1; Jeremiah 10:16). Yahweh) in its common abbreviated form. This, we are told, is not history. Laban's cunning in limiting the amount of this wage in a variety of ways was matched by Jacob's cunning in devising means to overreach his uncle, so that the penniless wanderer of 20 years before becomes the wealthy proprietor of countless cattle and of the hosts of slaves necessary for their care (Genesis 32:10). The children were still beating in her womb before they were even born. He is a frequent lecturer at BASs Bible Fests. For usage information, please read the Baker Book House Copyright Statement. By alternate giving and withholding, by danger here and deliverance there, by good and evil report, now by failure of "best laid schemes" and now by success with seemingly inadequate means, God developed in him the habit--not native to him as it seems to have been in part to Abraham and to Joseph,--of reliance on Divine power and guidance, of accepting the Divine will, of realizing the Divine nearness and faithfulness. ), 33:18 ; but at length, under divine directions, he moved to Bethel, where he made an altar unto God ( Genesis 35:6 Genesis 35:7 ), and where God appeared to him and renewed the Abrahamic covenant. As the Israelites wandered 40 years in a circle missing the mark, it was their due since they refused to believe and even sought to suppress. Isnt it so interesting that Yeshua/Joshua began is ministry with 40 days of fasting and ended it with 40 days on the earth after his resurrection before he ascended back to the spiritual dimension of where the Godhead dwells? Jeremiah 50:5 They shall ask the way to Zion with their faces thitherward, saying, Come, and let us join ourselves to the LORD in a perpetual covenant that shall not be forgotten. Form and Distribution 2. Now what Esau was, Jacob was not. As Ben Witherington writes, It is clear that the family of James was proud of its patriarchal heritage.2 So Jacob was the third Jacob in the family. Genesis 35:9 Meaning. Among his last words he repeats the story of Rachel's death, although forty years had passed away since that event took place, as tenderly as if it had happened only yesterday; and when "he had made an end of charging his sons, he gathered up his feet into the bed, and yielded up the ghost" ( 49:33 ). Jacob means "supplanter" or "one who supplants." It comes from the Hebrew word yashab, which means to wrestle or fight. biblestudytools.com, Jacob (2) Definition and Meaning Bible Dictionary, christianmeaningofnames.com, Christian meaning of names, hebrewname.org, Jacob (Yaakov, Ya'akov), churchofjesuschrist.org, Jacob and his family, bible.org, Lesson 59: Broken, But Blessed (Genesis 32:22-32).. Why is James called Santiago? Good was his aim; but he was ready to "do evil that good might come." Jacob wrestled for a long time with the angel of God (Genesis 32). That is, his nature did not match his new name. The foreword of the 1611 KJV claims adherence to Mss. Its auditors were its theme. NAME 1. Yet between them lies the pledge of Divine presence and protection in the vision of God's host at Mahanaim: just a simple statement, with none of the fanciful detail that popular story-telling loves, but the sober record of a tradition to which the supernatural was matter of fact. Starting with such a combination of natural endowments, social, practical, ethical, Jacob passed through a course of Divine tuition, which, by building upon some of them, repressing others and transfiguring the remainder, issued in the triumph of grace over nature, in the transformation of a Jacob into an Israel. His name was by Yahweh Himself changed to Israel. Read the Bible, discover plans, and seek God every day. Was James a common English or Scottish name in the late middle ages? True, most of this story revolves about Joseph, the youngest of the family save Benjamin; yet the occurrence of passages like Genesis 38, devoted exclusively to Judah's affairs, or 46:8-27, the enumeration of Jacob's entire family through its secondary ramifications, or Genesis 49, the blessing of Jacob on all his sons--all these prove that Jacob, not Joseph, is the true center of the narrative until his death. Making such an onomastic adjustment need not be too difficult in religious circles, either. This theory, in any form, requires the assumption, which there is nothing to support, that Jacob (or Jacob-el) is a name originally belonging to a deity and framed to fit his supposed character. At Joseph's behest, Jacob and all the family remove to Egypt. Jacob and Esau - Jacob and Esau, sons of Isaac and Rebecca, are the first twins mentioned in the Bible (Genesis 25:19-28). The actual proper translation of Yeshua would be Joshua in English. Yet it was the determinative scene, for God in His latest and fullest manifestation to Jacob was just "the God of Beth-el" (Genesis 35:7; 48:3; 49:24). When Jacob refused to surrender to God, a mere divine touch on Jacobs hip forced the young man to surrender and admit his utter need for God (Genesis 25-26). Lets give Jacob his due. There are, besides the mention of his name along with those of the other patriarchs, distinct references to events of his life in Paul's epistles ( Romans 9:11-13 ; Hebrews 12:16 ; 11:21 ). Other common men's names like Joseph and Judah are likewise repeated within one list (Luke 3:26, 30). Yet, in addition to this, there is a richness and suitability in the Divine names revealed, which a mechanical theory of literary sources not only leaves unexplained but fails even to recognize. Verb ('abaq) means to follow at the heel or supplant. Esau means "the hairy one." We'll send you an email with steps on how to reset your password. God blessed Jacob and gave him a new name Israel (Genesis 32:28) and with it a new identity. With what disposition was he endowed--the natural nucleus for acquired characteristics and habits? BDB Theological Dictionary and NOBSE Study Bible Name List both read Supplanter. To any such nomad, wandering slowly from Aram toward Egypt, a period of residence in the region of Mt. Abraham is the most famous patriarch. Salem Media Group. In their respective relations to God and to the world of men and nations, there is a true sense in which the father was a "type" of the children. It comes from the Old Testament and means supplanter, which is often interpreted as someone who seizes, circumvents, or usurps. For I will pour water upon him that is thirsty, and floods upon the dry ground: I will pour my spirit upon thy seed, and my blessing upon thine offspring: and they shall . In Genesis 30, Jacob gathers his flock and begins to . Here Jacob, "after being strangely tossed about on a very rough ocean, found at last a tranquil harbour, where all the best affections of his nature were gently exercised and largely unfolded" ( Genesis 48 ). In this mysterious contest Jacob prevailed, and as a memorial of it his name was changed to Israel (wrestler with God); and the place where this occured he called Peniel, "for", said he, "I have seen God face to face, and my life is preserved" ( 32:25-31 ). This is further confirmed by the attachment of his later revelations to this primary one, as though this lent them the significance of continuity, and made possible the unity of his religious experience. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Thanks. United in their deception, Rebekah . Students were perplexed until they learned that Jacob is the proper translation of the Greek name Iakbos. Jacob's grandfather, Abraham, was promised by God to have many descendants just as the stars in the sky and the sand by the sea. As the Israelites wandered 40 years in a circle missing the mark, it was their due since they refused to believe and even sought to suppress. In poetry that combines with the warm emotion and glowing imagery of its style and the unsurpassed elevation of its diction, a lyrical fervor of religious sentiment which demands for its author a personality that had passed through just such course of tuition as Jacob had experienced, the last words of Jacob, in Genesis 49, mark a turning-point in the history of the people of God. ' [Al-Qurn 19:27-28]. For example name Brian. Why Did C.S. Copyright 2022, Bible Study Tools. Jacob is called. In the New Testament the Greek transliteration of the name Jacob, namely Iakob (), is assigned to, besides arch-father Jacob (Matthew 1:2), only one man, namely Jacob the father of Joseph, the father-by-law of Jesus, according to Matthew's genealogy (Matthew 1:15; Luke traces his genealogy through David's son Nathan and not Solomon, as does Matthew, and has Eli as Joseph's father; Luke 3:23). And though we find Jacob later tolerating idolatry in his household and compromising his religious testimony by sin, we never find a hint of his own unfaithfulness to this first and final religious choice. Names in the Bible have a bigger significance than they do now. The practical wisdom of Jacob dictated his insistence upon bringing to a speedy termination the proposed association with his changeable brother, amid the difficulties of a journey that could not be shared by such divergent social and racial elements as Esau's armed host and Jacob's caravan, without discontent on the one side and disaster on the other. The new name of Israel, hitherto so ill deserved, is henceforth to find realization in his life; his fathers' God is to be his God; his seed is to inherit the land of promise, and is to be no mean tribe, but a group of peoples with kings to rule over them like the nations round about (Genesis 35:9-12). God wanted to enter into a relationship with Jacob, however, he couldnt do so until Jacob admitted his weakness of self-reliance, deceit, and trickery. Jacob Boy's name meaning, origin, and popularity What does Jacob mean? He is the author of Biblical Turkey: A Guide to the Jewish and Christian Sites of Asia Minor and Victory through the Lamb: A Guide to Revelation in Plain Language. As a continuous reminder of their encounter and His blessing, God gave Jacob a permanent limp (Genesis 31-32). Orr, James, M.A., D.D. I find one problem with this article. In the same way, when we come to know Christ, we experience a transformation. It is so obvious that this new attitude toward the patriarchs lends itself to a more sympathetic criticism of the narrative of Genesis, that critics who adopt it are at pains to deny any intention on their part of rehabilitating Jacob and others as historical figures. Greek: Yakobos =James root is Yakob = Jacob, Latin: Iacobus (james) root = Iakobos (Jacob) Late Latin Iacomus ( diphthong) "m sound like b" Old French Gemmes Middle English: Iacomus or Iames Late English: James Reason never changed back: (just my op) Book Of Jacob sounds Old Test. Jacob, also called Israel, is a patriarch of the Bible who obtained his birthright through deception. In his attempt to account for this contrast, he can only urge that a nation condemned to eternal wars would naturally look back upon, as well as forward to, a golden age of peace. Rachel, whose entire married life had been spent desiring to bear sons for Jacob, gave birth to a second boy. In section IV, 4, above, we observed that, while many of Jacob's personal qualities prefigured the qualities of the later Hebrew people, there were some others that did not at all fit this equation. Rachel's second son, and Jacob's youngest, Benjamin, is mentioned 69 times in Genesis: once by another name. He then set out with his family and property "to go to Isaac his father in the land of Canaan" ( Genesis 31 ). It is no young man that sets out thus to escape a brother's vengeance, and perhaps to find a wife at length among his mother's kindred. It will correct the intentional Gentilization of the scriptures by the Romanized church and give special reference to all the prophesies in the Old Testament/Jewish Bible that relate to Yeshua. Hence, there is no ground to deny that even in the patriarchal period, this familiar personal name Jacob lay ready at hand--a name ready made, as it were--for this child, in view of the peculiar circumstances of its birth; we may say, indeed, one could not escape the use of it. The wife, who had learned to be eyes and ears for a husband's failing senses, detected the secret scheme, counterplotted with as much skill as unscrupulousness, and while she obtained the paternal blessing for her favorite son, fell nevertheless under the painful necessity of choosing between losing him through his brother's revenge or losing him by absence from home. . (1) at Succoth, East of the Jordan near Peniel. When Jacob was returning home to Canaan with his family after his many years of service under Laban, Jacob received the news that his brother, who had threatened to kill him for his past trickery, was on his way to meet him (Genesis 32:6). God later gave him the name Israel, and he became the patriarch of the people of Israel (also called Israelites and later, Jews). See commentaries on Acts.) "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". There he first received his new name, and though he deserved it as little in many scenes thereafter as he had deserved it before, yet the same could be said of many a man who has "seen the face of God," but has yet to grasp, like Jacob, the lesson that the way to overcome is through the helpless but clinging importunity of faith. For more information about Jacob , check out the Easton Bible dictionary entry as well. The associations of this root in everyday use in Jacob's family to mean "to supplant" led to the fresh realization of its appropriateness to his character and conduct when he was grown ((b) above). He escaped from the angry pursuit of Laban, from a meeting with Esau, and from the vengeance of the Canaanites provoked by the murder of Shechem; and in each of these three emergencies he was aided and strengthened by the interposition of God, and in sign of the grace won by a night of wrestling with God his name was changed at Jabbok into Israel. He has been variously referred to as the "Prince of the Sun," the "Angel of the Presence," the "Archangel of Salvation," and the "Patron of Prophecy.". 1 Peter 2:9 But ye are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, an holy nation, a peculiar people; that ye should shew forth the praises of him who hath called you out of darkness into his marvellous light: Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular, Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular, LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel, Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - masculine singular, Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct, Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular, Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine singular, To address by an additional name, to eulogize, Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct, Israel -- 'God strives', another name of Jacob and his desc, Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers, OT Prophets: Isaiah 44:5 One will say 'I am Yahweh's (Isa Isi Is). Israel means one who contends with God, and is his new name after transformation. Then I pulled up Simon Bar Jacob, Also known as Simon Bar Kockba who led the last Jewish revolt. Thus (1), agreeing with the chronological order, the appearance at Beersheba may well be regarded as the climax of them all. There are NO prophesies in the Hebrew bible related to or referring to jesus, Or.You pore over the Scriptures because you presume that by them you possess eternal life. Yet in the vast majority of cases the nation descended from him is intended by the name, which in the form of "Jacob" or "Israel" contains not the slightest, and in the form "children of Israel," "house of Jacob" and the like, only the slightest, if any, allusion to the patriarch himself. Did it have any relation to the jaime or some other first person pronoun and verb form in French? In Micah 1:5 the name is a poetic synonym for Israel, the kingdom of the ten tribes. . General Editor. Both Matthew and Luke (3:34) include genealogies in their chapters. Zakir Naik, apparently not satisfied with the hadiths explanation, alleged that the Arabic term daughter ( ukhta ) equally means descendant in classical Arabic. The example of Jacob is quoted by the first and the last of the minor prophets. (3) Though thus punctuated with the supernatural, the only striking bit of the marvelous in all this biography is the night scene at Peniel. Orr, James, M.A., D.D. In Egypt the children of Jacob multiplied rapidly, and at his death he made the sons of Joseph the heirs of the only portion of Canaanitish soil that he had acquired. What we see him in his father's encampment, that we see him to the end--so far as appears from the laconic story. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); An online library of rational evidence for the reliability and validity of God's Word. Jacob had twelve sonstwo of them by his wife Rachel. Christian faith isn't blind, but rather, based on how God has come through for us in the past. These twin brothers therefore share thus far the same relation to their parents and to what their parents transmit to them. These changes were soon incorporated by the media as well as in subsequent editions of geographical and historical books. Isaac loved Esau more than Jacob, because Esau . Jack: This nickname is less common but definitely happens. Circumstances not explained caused Jacob to flee from his home in Canaan to Aram, where he served as a shepherd to obtain a wife as his wage. Jesus was known as Yeshua, for example. (b) In the list of places in Palestine conquered by the Pharaoh Thutmose III appears a certain J'qb'r, which in Egyptian characters represents the Semitic letters ya`aqobh-'el, and which therefore seems to show that in the earlier half of the 15th century BC (so Petrie, Breasted) there was a place (not a tribe; see W. M. Muller, Asien und Europa, 162) in Central Palestine that bore a name in some way connected with "Jacob." To critics who make Hebrew history begin with the settlement of Canaan by the nomad Israelites fresh from the desert, even the Mosaic age and the Egyptian residence are totally unhistorical--much more so these tales of a pre-Mosaic patriarchal age. A nation was to take its name from Jacob-Israel, and there are some passages of Scripture where it is uncertain whether the name designates the nation or its ancestor. So how did the Jewish name Yaakov become so Gentilized as James? Moreover, a Pharaoh of the Hyksos period bears a name that looks like ya`aqobh-'el (Spiegelberg, Orientalische Literaturzeitung, VII, 130). Gender: Boy. So what is lost by using James instead of Jacob? Additionally, Esau, the elder twin, would become the servant of Jacob, the younger (Genesis 25:23). Psalm 116:16 O LORD, truly I am thy servant; I am thy servant, and the son of thine handmaid: thou hast loosed my bonds. And now all connection of the Israelites with Mesopotamia is at an end. This was a crisis in the history of the "Kingdom of God" on a paragraph with events like the Exodus, the Exile, or the Return. As the Brother of Esau 3. Even critics who regard Jacob under his title of Israel as merely the eponymous hero, created by legend to be the forefather of the nation (compare below, VI, 1), must confess that Jacob as Jacob is no such neutral creature, dressed only in the colors of his children's racial qualities. copies of the Hebrew and Greek text. Realizing that she was dying from the birth, she named the baby Ben-Oni meaning "son of my sorrow." However, Jacob changed the name of the boy to Benjamin meaning "son of my right hand." Share . Isaac prayed to the Lord for his wife because she was barren. The two wrestled all night; the word "wrestled" (ye'abeq) is another of Genesis' wordplays, using Jacob's name (ya'aqov) and that of the river (yabboq). His dealing with Esau, however, showed much mean selfishness and cunning ( Genesis 25:29-34 ). Jacob decided to entice his brother into giving him the right of first birth by luring him with a blunderbuss of delicious lentil food. In place of these discredited views Gunkel (compare also Gressmann, ZATW, 1910, 1) makes of Jacob simply a character in the stories (marvelous, humorous, pathetic and the like) current in ancient Israel, especially on the lips of the professional story-teller. Neither the one class nor the other could ever let it pass out of memory. Though 130 years of age when he stood before Pharaoh, Jacob felt his days to have been "few" as well as "evil," in comparison with those of his fathers (Genesis 47:9). With the arrival at Haran came love at once, though not for 7 years the consummation of that love. "You will leave your name for a curse to My chosen ones, And the Lord God will slay you. There were at least two people called Jacob in the Bible. Bibliography Information Abraham had one son, Isaac, who had twin boys, Esau and Jacob. Such are the distinctions maintained in the use of these words, all of them used of the same God, yet chosen in each case to fit the circumstances of speaker, hearer and situation. His name has also been associated with Uriah. But while 'Elohim is used regularly by the narrator of the Jacob-stories in speaking, or in letting his actors speak, of Jacob's God, who to the monotheistic writer is of course the God and his own God, he never puts this word thus absolutely into the mouth of the revealing Deity. "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". --ED.) Mark Wilson is the director of the Asia Minor Research Center in Antalya, Turkey, and is a popular teacher on BAS Travel/Study tours. This is apparently Hosea's point of view in Hosea 12:2-4,12. The contrast of Jacob with Esau furnishes perhaps the best means of grasping the significance of these two facts for an estimate of Jacob's attitude toward the promise. Rachel dies in childbirth bearing Benjamin, giving him the name "Ben-Oni"meaning "son of my suffering"just before she . Isaiah 63:9 mentions an angel of the divine presence. 2. Like Jacob, we can enter into a relationship with Christ today by asking forgiveness for our sins and declaring God to be our Savior and Redeemer. Finally, the author of He, when charting the heroes of faith, focuses his glass for a moment upon Jacob: first, as sharing with Abraham and Isaac the promise of God and the life of unworldly, expectant faith (Hebrews 11:9); and second, as receiving from Isaac, and at his death transmitting to his grandsons, blessings that had value only for one who worships and believes a God with power over "things to come" (Hebrews 11:20). The name Jacob may be simply facsimilative and inconsequential; he was named after how he was holding on to Esau's heal. But My servants will be called by another name. Fourth, the Jewish literary heritage is muddled. But since he and Marys father had the same name, Joseph would now also have a son named after himself. In great agony of mind he prepares for the worst. After this anxious night, Jacob went on his way, halting, mysteriously weakened by the conflict, but strong in the assurance of the divine favour. As long as he lives he is the real head of his house, and not merely a superannuated veteran like Isaac. I would rather request to keep the Hebrew names as it is in entire Bible. Esau was a man of the woods and very fond of hunting; and he was rough and covered with hair. Jacob offered his famished brother a bowl of soup in exchange for his birthright as the firstborn son, which was a double portion of his father Isaacs inheritance (Genesis 25:29-34). It is also relevant to note that Hebrew names commonly had different forms, such as Jehoram/Joram. In Isaac's life the most significant single fact had been his marriage with Rebekah instead of with a woman of Canaan. At the close of the fourteen years of service, Jacob desired to return to his parents, but at the entreaty of Laban he tarried yet six years with him, tending his flocks ( 31:41 ). Furthermore, name changing wasnt the only thing they did. One would be stronger than the other, and the older would serve the younger ( Genesis 25:23 ). There is no J in the Hebrew language, and therefore, a true translation to the Hebrew and Aramaic would not be Jacob. Hershel Shanks has noted that the reason Israeli scholars failed to understand the significance of the eponymous ossuary is that they didnt connect James with Yaakov.1. One student wrote later that knowing this turned my understanding of the writing upside down. Another observed that with the name change, the loss of the Jewish lineage occurs.. But he's revered as one of the Patriarchs of Israel (and hence Christianity, because Jesus was a Jew). 3 Including both the Eastern and Western Diasporas, Jacob was the third most popular Jewish name, with 74 occurrences. But can such a switch be made practically? Shila was the Aramaic form of Saul, so perhaps Paul was Paul so as not to confuse the two Sauls. Or did John Wycliffes selection set off the trend? However, is simply a Greek form for the name of Jacob in the OT (). 10. Isaac's partiality for Esau arose perhaps as much from Esau's resemblance to the active, impulsive nature of his mother, as from the sensual gratification afforded Isaac by the savory dishes his son's hunting supplied. ), The history of Jacob is referred to by the prophets ( Hosea 12:3 Hosea 12:4 Hosea 12:12 ) and ( Malachi 1:2 ). He was the last of the patriarchs from whom all Israel descended as after him Israel split into twelve tribes. (2) The father of Joseph the husband of Mary (Matthew 1:15,16). Joseph's brothers caused Joseph to be emotionally abused because (verse 4) " they hated him, and could . In the morning, Jacob discovered he had been tricked. Verse Concepts. God's transformation of this man was wrought by faith--by awakening and nourishing in him a simple trust in the truth and power of the Divine word. Jacob now goes to Egypt, but he goes with the express approval of the God of his fathers, and with the explicit assurance that the same Divine providence which ordained this removal (Genesis 50:20) will see that it does not frustrate any of the promises of God. ( ) Thy father was not a man of evil, nor thy mother a woman unchaste! An equally symbolic name since Yoshua/Joshua was the one who led the exiled Israelites (Jacobs new name after Gods covenant with him) to the Promised land. Jacob is a common male given name and a less well-known surname.It is a cognate of James, derived from Late Latin Iacobus, from Greek Iakobos, from Hebrew (Yaaq), the name of the Hebrew patriarch, Jacob son of Isaac and Rebecca.The name comes either from the Hebrew root qb meaning "to follow, to be behind" but also "to supplant, circumvent . ya`aqobh (5 times ya`aqowbh); Iakob, is in form a verb in the Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular. Safety from his foes was again a gift of God (Genesis 35:5), and in a renewal of the old forgotten ideals of consecration (Genesis 35:2-8), he and all his following move from the painful associations of Shechem to the hallowed associations of Beth-el. He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. He fails to observe that this plea does not in the least alter the fact--his plea is indeed but a restatement of the fact--that this phenomenon is absolutely at variance with his hypothesis of how these stories of Jacob and the rest came to be what they are (see Meyer, Die Israeliten und ihre Nachbarstamme, 250). When Isaac was about 160 years of age, Jacob and his mother conspired to deceive the aged patriarch ( Genesis 27 ), with the view of procuring the transfer of the birthright to himself. And while were at it, lets rehabilitate Jacob as the name of two of Jesus disciples/apostles. Besides the frequent mention of his name in conjunction with the names of the other two patriarchs, there are distinct references to the events in the life of Jacob in four books of the New Testament - ( John 1:51 ; John 4:5 John 4:12 ; Acts 7:12 Acts 7:16 ; Romans 9:11-13 ; Hebrews 11:21 ; 12:16 ), II. ), (supplanter ), the second son of Isaac and Rebekah. "To heel" might mean: (a) "to take hold of by the heel" (so probably Hosea 12:3; compare Genesis 27:36); (b) "to follow with evil intent," "to supplant" or in general "to deceive" (so Genesis 27:36; Jeremiah 9:4, where the parallel, "go about with slanders," is interesting because the word so translated is akin to the noun "foot," as "supplant" is to "heel"); (c) "to follow with good intent," whether as a slave (compare our English "to heel," of a dog) for service, or as a guard for protection, hence, "to guard" (so in Ethiopic), "to keep guard over", and thus "to restrain" (so Job 37:4); (d) "to follow," "to succeed," "to take the place of another" (so Arabic, and the Hebrew noun 'eqebh, "consequence," "recompense," whether of reward or punishment). Both sons meanwhile are to be thought of simply as members of Isaac's following, during all the period of his successive sojourns in Gerar, the Valley of Gerar and Beersheba (Genesis 26). Galatians 6:16 And as many as walk according to this rule, peace be on them, and mercy, and upon the Israel of God. As the Son of Isaac and Rebekah 2. He was always tempted to be his own Providence, and God's training was clearly directed, both by providential leadings and by gracious disclosures, to this corresponding purpose: to enlighten Jacob as to the nature of the promise; to assure him that it was his by grace; to awaken personal faith in its Divine Giver; and to supplement his "faith" by that "patience" without which none can "inherit the promises." Is the Brother of Jesus Inscription on the James Ossuary a Forgery? Israel - God's struggle or he struggled with God. Who changed his name to Israel in the Bible? Unlike Abraham and Isaac , Jacob's entire family remained righteoushis 12 sons became the 12 tribes of Israel, the Shevatim. I have long been an advocate for Iakbos or Jacob in English texts. 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