Chichester, UK: John Wiley. ", "Unprecedented energy use since 1950 has transformed humanity's geologic footprint", "Extraordinary human energy consumption and resultant geological impacts beginning around 1950 CE initiated the proposed Anthropocene Epoch", "Human-made materials now outweigh Earth's entire biomass study", "Learning how to die in the Anthropocene", "Mourning and Melancholia in the Anthropocene", "The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change", 10.1579/0044-7447(2007)36[614:TAAHNO]2.0.CO;2, "Welcome to the Anthropocene: The Earth in our hands", The human cost of disasters: An overview of the last 20years (2000-2019), Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, "Circling the drain: the extinction crisis and the future of humanity", "The term 'Anthropocene' isn't perfect but it shows us the scale of the environmental crisis we've caused", "What Does it Mean to do Anthropology in the Anthropocene? "[81][82] A 2022 scientific review published in Biological Reviews confirms that an anthropogenic sixth mass extinction event is currently underway. During this period, humans developed agriculture and animal husbandry to supplement or replace hunter-gatherer subsistence. Again, the epoch number is a gradient descent hyperparameter that defines the number of complete passes while passing through the dataset under training. [31], A February 17, 2020, Epoch Times story shared a map from the internet that falsely alleged massive sulfur dioxide releases from crematoria during the COVID-19 pandemic in China, speculating that 14,000 bodies may have been burned. ", "Epoch Times banned from advertising after sneaking pro-Trump propaganda onto Facebook", "This Pro-Trump YouTube Network Sprang Up Just After He Lost", "Lengthy video makes false claims about 2020 election", "The media giant you've never heard of, and why you should pay attention", "US conservative media outlet's ties to Chinese spiritual movement put in spotlight", "Our Response to NBC News' Inappropriate Questions", "Western Apocalyptic Narratives in the International Arena", "Fa Teaching Given at the 2010 New York Fa Conference", "Epoch Times, Punished by Facebook, Gets a New Megaphone on YouTube", "Chinese Influence & American Interests: Promoting Constructive Vigilance", "RSF Report: "China's Pursuit of a New World Media Order", "Facebook bans ads from The Epoch Times after huge pro-Trump buy", "Why fake news is so hard to combat in Asian American communities", "This NBC executive became a conspiracy king and a pro-Trump media boss", "Epoch Times nearly quadrupled revenue during the first three years of the Trump administration", "The Hedge Fund Man Behind Pro-Trump Media's New War on China", "The Epoch Times, ce mystrieux mdia sino-amricain distribu aux anti-passe sanitaire", "Inside Gab, the Online Safe Space for Far-Right Extremists", "Kopp, Sputnik, Epoch Times & Co: Nachrichten aus einem rechten Paralleluniversum | MEEDIA", "Epoch Times, NTD Des sites complotistes pilots par une "secte" chinoise ultraconservatrice", "Falun Gong-Linked Media Venture Makes Waves, Raises Questions", "The Chinese Press Battles For Hearts And Minds Abroad", "An underground challenge to China's status quo", "Internet Filtering in China in 2004-2005: A Country Study", "Facebook says a pro-Trump media outlet used artificial intelligence to create fake people and push conspiracies", "Epoch Times revenue soared on Trump conspiracies", "This massive YouTube channel is normalizing QAnon", "Checking the Web on Hunter Biden? Evidence of relative human impact such as the growing human influence on land use, ecosystems, biodiversity, and species extinction is substantial; scientists think that human impact has significantly changed (or halted) the growth of biodiversity. [166] Some scholars have posited that the realities of the Anthropocene, including "human-induced biodiversity loss, exponential increases in per-capita resource consumption, and global climate change," have made the goal of environmental sustainability largely unattainable and obsolete.[155]. [123][120][124][122][125][126][127] Because of these arguments, it has been suggested that the epoch should instead be called "The Kleptocene" in order to call "attention to colonialism's ongoing theft of land, lives (both human and nonhuman), and materials" that are "in large part responsible for contemporary ecological crisis."[128][129][130]. [30] Three anonymous former employees said Epoch Times workers were encouraged to attend weekly "Fa study" sessions outside work hours to study Li's teachings. [26][27][28][29][30] Those arguing for earlier dates posit that the proposed Anthropocene may have begun as early as 14,00015,000years BP, based on geologic evidence; this has led other scientists to suggest that "the onset of the Anthropocene should be extended back many thousand years";[31]:1 this would make the Anthropocene essentially synonymous with the current term, Holocene. Human activity also affects pedogenesis indirectly by drift of eroded materials or pollutants. [10], The Epoch Times publishes climate change denial content. [32] However, a significant minority supports one of several alternative dates. Consider this example from an era in machine learning. Now that the date value is an integer, we can do math with it. [168] In the public sphere, the term "Anthropocene" has become increasingly ubiquitous in activist, pundit, and political discourses. ACCOUNT MANAGEMENT. Literally speaking the epoch is Unix time 0 (midnight 1/1/1970), but 'epoch' is often used as a synonym for Unix time. [42] Versions of the video on YouTube, the Epoch Times website and NTD were viewed hundreds of thousands of times. [47] The first English edition launched online in September 2003, followed by the first print edition in 2004. Stoermer wrote, "I began using the term 'anthropocene' in the 1980s, but never formalised it until Paul contacted me. One geological symptom resulting from human activity is increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) content. Suppose one uses a dataset with 200 samples (where samples mean data rows) with 1,000 epochs and 5 batch sizes to define epoch-making. The pressures we exert on the planet have become so great that scientists are considering whether the Earth has entered an entirely new geological epoch: the Anthropocene, or the age of humans. Mail us on [emailprotected], to get more information about given services. [110][111][112], In January 2022, the German edition of The Epoch Times amplified accusations by German activist Steffen Lhnitz that the Austrian government had deliberately inflated infection numbers to justify a lockdown. They argue that if precolonial Native American farming was studied in relation to European and Asian agriculture of the same period, the European colonization of the Americas would be seen as the epoch's starting point. [132][133], In November 2019, Reporters Without Borders called on Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam to protect press freedoms after The Epoch Times said four masked arsonists with batons had damaged its printing press. All rights reserved. Unix timestamps do not contain any information with regards to any local timezone. Charles C. Mann, in his acclaimed book 1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created, gives a bird's-eye view of the mechanisms and ongoing implications of the homogenocene. Line plots can be created for the training process, in which the x-axis is the epoch in machine learning and the y-axis is the skill or model error. [115], Scholars have also disputed Ruddiman's claim that the land change and greenhouse gas emissions caused by Neolithic farming practices account for a large enough systems change to denote new epochal designation. In: Drake JA, Mooney HJ, DiCastri F, et al. At that time, The BL had spent at least $510,698 on Facebook advertising. Developed by JavaTpoint. [138][139] The Epoch Times later disassociated itself from the reporter. "[98][100] The paper's editorial board suggested that COVID-19 patients cure themselves by "condemning the CCP" and "maybe a miracle will happen". [139], In September 2018, Epoch Times photographer Samira Bouaou broke White House protocol and handed Trump a folder. [30][65] Two former employees said that top editors traveled to meet with Li at Falun Gong's compound, Dragon Springs, where he weighed in on editorial and strategic decisions; The Epoch Times denied that a meeting took place. (Eds). [192] Scholars are divided on whether to do away with the term "Anthropocene" or co-opt it. "[144], A December 2020 study published in Nature found that the total anthropogenic mass, or human-made materials, outweighs all the biomass on earth, and highlighted that "this quantification of the human enterprise gives a mass-based quantitative and symbolic characterization of the human-induced epoch of the Anthropocene. The writer Jenny Odell has written about what Robin Wall Kimmerer calls "species loneliness,"[191] the loneliness which occurs from the separation of the human and the nonhuman, and the anthropologist Radhika Govindrajan has theorized on the ethics of care, or relatedness, which govern relations between humans and animals. [117][118] Others have argued that the Early Anthropocene Hypothesis only provides a cursory view of Native American farming practices prior to European colonization, which did not result in the same land change or greenhouse gas emissions as European and Asian agriculture of the same period. "[144], In his 2008 book on Falun Gong, David Ownby wrote that The Epoch Times articles are "well written and interesting, if occasionally idiosyncratic in their coverage. After every epoch, the accuracy either improves or sometimes not. [30][118][35] According to publicly available Facebook ad data reported by NBC News, The Epoch Times spent more on pro-Trump ads than any group except the Trump campaign itself. [98][99] Raquel Miguel of the European watchdog EU DisinfoLab said in 2022: "The Epoch Times has played a noticeable role in transmitting and amplifying many anti-vaccine narratives". [41] In the two and a half months after their creation, the disinformation channels garnered tens of millions of views and at least 1.1 million subscribers. In 2009, Dipesh Chakrabarty pointed to the dilemma that the Anthropocene poses for the practice of history: On the one hand, it spells "the collapse of the age-old humanist distinction between natural history and human history" yet, on the other, societies and individuals do not experience themselves as a "species". For the Ladakhi, the nonhuman alters the epistemic, ethical, and affective development of humans it provides a way of "being in the world. Increase in thyroid cancer rates around the world is also surmised to be correlated with increasing proportions of the 131I radionuclide. [22], In December 2019, the English Wikipedia deprecated the English and Chinese online versions of The Epoch Times as an "unreliable source" to use as a reference in Wikipedia, with editors calling it "an advocacy group for the Falun Gong, and a biased or opinionated source that frequently publishes conspiracy theories. Human activities like deforestation and road construction are believed to have elevated average total sediment fluxes across the Earth's surface. [122][123], The Epoch Times and The BL denied being affiliated with each other, although the latter acknowledged that a "few of our staff" previously worked for The Epoch Times. [121], In December 2019, Facebook announced it had removed a large network of accounts, pages, and groups linked to The BL and Epoch Media Group for coordinated inauthentic behavior on behalf of a foreign actor. Today, livestock makes up 60% of the biomass of all mammals on earth, followed by humans (36%) and wild mammals (4%). [43][44], As early as 1873, the Italian geologist Antonio Stoppani acknowledged the increasing power and effect of humanity on the Earth's systems and referred to an 'anthropozoic era'. Ruddiman's 'three flaws in defining a formal Anthropocene', "Before colonization (BC) and after decolonization (AD): The Early Anthropocene, the Biblical Fall, and relational pasts, presents, and futures", "Why the Anthropocene began with European colonisation, mass slavery and the 'great dying' of the 16th century", "Editorial: Coloniality, neoliberalism and the Anthropocene", "European colonialism and the Anthropocene: A view from the Pacific Coast of North America", "Introduction: Whiteness, coloniality, and the Anthropocene", "On the Importance of a Date, or, Decolonizing the Anthropocene", "Colonial Theft and Indigenous Resistance in the Kleptocene", "The infrastructures of White settler perception: A political phenomenology of colonialism, genocide, ecocide, and emergency", "NOAA/ESRL Global Monitoring Division The NOAA annual greenhouse gas index (AGGI)", Annual Review of Environment and Resources, "Anthropocene now: influential panel votes to recognize Earth's new epoch", "The Advent of the Anthropocene: Was that the big story of the 20thcentury? Some of the radionuclides that were released during the tests are 137Cs, 90Sr, 239Pu, 240Pu, 241Am, and 131I. Suppose one uses a dataset with 200 samples (where samples mean data rows) with 1,000 epochs and 5 batch sizes to define epoch-making. The dataset then contains 5 samples in each of the 40 batches, with the model weights being updated when every batch of 5 samples has passed. [142], An October 2020 study coordinated by University of Colorado at Boulder found that distinct physical, chemical and biological changes to Earth's rock layers began around the year 1950. Usually, the batch size of an epoch is 1 or more and is always an integer value in the epoch number. [162][163] In 2016, historians Christophe Bonneuil and Jean Baptiste-Fressoz published The Shock of the Anthropocene: The Earth, History and Us[164] in an attempt to provide "the first critical history of the Anthropocene" through engagement with the history of science, world history, and human development. The official Japanese system numbers years from the accession of the current emperor, regarding the calendar year during which the accession occurred as the first year. It can also be seen as a 'for-loop with a specified number of epochs in which each loop path traverses the entire training dataset. "[19], James Bettinger, a professor of communications at Stanford University and the director of the John S. Knight Journalism Fellowships, said "Even if Epoch Times is not associated with Falun Gong, if they consistently write about Falun Gong in the same perspective, or if there are no articles examining Falun Gong, people would perceive it as being not credible. [55], The English Epoch Times chair Stephen Gregory has denied that The Epoch Times is directly connected to Falun Gong. Please mail your requirement at [emailprotected] Duration: 1 week to 2 week. [87][88][89] Researchers have documented the movement of many species into regions formerly too cold for them, often at rates faster than initially expected. [50] Toosi noted "many observers" have said Falun Gong uses the newspaper for its public relations campaigns, and the paper is connected with the group and carries sympathetic coverage of it. [97] Calthemite is a secondary deposit, derived from concrete, lime, mortar or other calcareous material outside the cave environment. It is January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 (UTC) on all platforms. We've seen it a lot with state actors in the past. The enormous temporal scale of the Anthropocene, Bould argues, potentially yields politically detrimental outcomes. [30] The Epoch Times has websites in 35 countries but is blocked in mainland China. [79] A 2021 paper published in Frontiers in Conservation Science, which cites both of the aforementioned studies, says "population sizes of vertebrate species that have been monitored across years have declined by an average of 68% over the last five decades, with certain population clusters in extreme decline, thus presaging the imminent extinction of their species. With each epoch, the dataset's internal model parameters are updated. "[119], In August 2019, Facebook banned The Epoch Times from advertising on its platform after finding that the paper broke its political transparency rules by publishing pro-Trump subscription ads through sockpuppet pages such as "Honest Paper" and "Pure American Journalism. [49] In 2003 sociologist Yuezhi Zhao wrote that the paper "displays an indisputable ideological and organizational affinity with Falun Gong" and that it strongly emphasizes negative portrayals of the Chinese government and positive portrayals of Falun Gong. [67], In a 2019 report, Reporters Without Borders wrote, "Aside from the Epoch Times newspaper and New Tang Dynasty Television, which are run by the Falun Gong, a religious movement persecuted in China, and China Digital Times, a website founded by a leading US-based critic of the regime, the United States now has few truly independent diaspora media. To that end, scholars such as the feminist theorist Donna Haraway and sociologist Jason Moore, have suggested naming the Epoch instead as the "Capitalocene. [143][144] The study highlights a strong correlation between global human population size and growth, global productivity and global energy use and that the "extraordinary outburst of consumption and productivity demonstrates how the Earth System has departed from its Holocene state since ~1950 CE, forcing abrupt physical, chemical and biological changes to the Earth's stratigraphic record that can be used to justify the proposal for naming a new epochthe Anthropocene. ", "A formal Anthropocene is compatible with but distinct from its diachronous anthropogenic counterparts: A response to W.F. Kim, Rakhyun E. (2021). [117][non-primary source needed], The Epoch Media Group spent $11 million on Facebook ads in 2019,[35] including, over a six-month period in 2019, more than $1.5 million on about 11,000 pro-Trump Facebook advertisements purchased by The Epoch Times. So I said: 'No, we are in the Anthropocene.' Simple, with easy all-inclusive merchant integration.Powerful, with automated international customization.Flexible, for the most unique and sophisticated demands. [ambiguous][135][136], The 2022 film Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness was blocked from release in China after the film was submitted for review and footage that made reference to The Epoch Times was found. These have been found to have had significant impact on the environment and on human beings. [147], Jiao Guobiao, a former Beijing University journalism professor who was dismissed after criticizing the Propaganda Department, proposed that even if The Epoch Times published only negative information highly critical of the CCP, its attacks could never begin to counterbalance the propaganda the party publishes about itself. Most of this increase is due to the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas, although smaller fractions result from cement production and from land-use changes (such as deforestation). The Epoch Times The Anthropocene epoch: have we entered a new phase of planetary history? [92] The Epoch Times promoted the conspiracy theory that Joe Biden had abused his power in 2016 to protect Hunter's business interests in Ukraine. (2015). [8] Bethany Allen-Ebrahimian of Foreign Policy writes that "It's not clear why the German website of a Falun Gong newspaper would choose to promote right-wing populism in Germany" but that the decision could be a business decision to drive an increase in views of the publication, or because such views reflect the teaching of Falun Gong leader Li Hongzhi, "who believes that mixed-race children are 'pitiable' and 'physically and intellectually incomplete'. [87], According to China scholar David Ownby, the Nine Commentaries are a "condemnation of communism and a direct indictment of the legitimacy of the Chinese Communist Party's rule in China." Soils retain information about their climatic and geochemical history with features lasting for centuries or millennia. What's Happening to the Bees and Butterflies? [28][60] The exact rate remains controversial perhaps 100 to 1000times the normal background rate of extinction. For example, epoch 1 achieved accuracy of 94 and epoch 2 achieved an accuracy of 95. At the time, the site was the most shared outlet in Spain's COVID-19-skeptic Telegram channels and groups. [116] These scholars claim that an early date for the proposed Anthropocene term does not account for a substantial human footprint on Earth. Everyone was shocked. The newspaper promoted Edge of Wonder videos in dozens of Facebook posts through 2019. [10][22], In France, The Epoch Times gives "an unfettered platform to Jean-Marie Le Pen, the patriarch of the French far right, and his daughter, Marine, who leads the nationalist party her father founded", according to The New Republic. [66][34] YouTube demonetized Edge of Wonder, a program of the Epoch Media Group, on its platform, and removed Epoch Times ads relating to COVID-19. "[149], In 2014, the newspaper's reporting won several journalism awards, which The New York Times later described as indicative of The Epoch Times "edging closer to Mr. Li's vision of a respectable news outlet", before it changed course in 2015 and 2016 to focus on viral content and a "Trump pivot". The Atlantic Council Digital Forensic Research Lab director Graham Brookie said the coordinated network of fake accounts demonstrated "an eerie, tech-enabled future of disinformation." Finally add the time offset to the UTC time to get the local time. [5], William Ruddiman has argued that the Anthropocene began approximately 8,000years ago with the development of farming and sedentary cultures. [8] Stefanie Albrecht, a reporter for the German broadcaster RTL who spent several days inside The Epoch Times's Berlin office while investigating the far right, said that the staffers she met had no journalistic training and did not check facts, trusting instead in the alternative sources they consulted. [134] The human impact on Earth has grown progressively, with few substantial slowdowns. "[8], A German media report described the outlet as a "favorite" of Pegida supporters, along with Sputnik News and Kopp Report, and found that its articles critical of immigration have been shared almost daily. [41] After the videos' false and misleading claims were reported, YouTube removed several of the videos in accordance with the site's policy against election disinformation. The New Yorker's review of Shen Yun called The Epoch Times "the world's foremost purveyor of Shen Yun content. [53], In 2016, the newspaper was removed from the pharmacy of Australian National University after the president of the Chinese Students and Scholars Association confronted the pharmacist and threw out the papers. 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The paper is therefore often assessed in light of its connection to Falun Gong, rather than a thorough analysis of its editorial content. Anthropogenic soils are recalcitrant repositories of artefacts and properties that testify to the dominance of the human impact, and hence appear to be reliable markers for the Anthropocene. [32], Associated Press reporter Nahal Toosi wrote in 2006 that it is "technically inaccurate" to say that Falun Gong owns The Epoch Times, though many of the paper's staffers are Falun Gong practitioners. [94], After Trump lost the 2020 presidential election, The Epoch Times consistently sought to question the election results. The Anthropocene (/nrpsin, nrp-/ AN-thr-p-seen, an-THROP--)[1][2][3][failed verification] is a proposed geological epoch dating from the commencement of significant human impact on Earth's geology and ecosystems, including, but not limited to, anthropogenic climate change.[4][5][6][7][8]. The official start-dates, according to the panel, would coincide with either the radionuclides released into the atmosphere from bomb detonations in 1945, or with the Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty of 1963. "[34] After Trump was elected, The Epoch Times hired Brendan Steinhauser, a Tea Party strategist, to reach out to more conservatives and encourage the Trump administration to oppose the persecution of Falun Gong. ", "A practical solution: the Anthropocene is a geological event, not a formal epoch", "The Anthropocene as an Event, not an Epoch", "The Anthropocene: conceptual and historical perspectives", 10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[1756:AGTTH]2.0.CO;2, "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity", "Global Environmental History: The first 150,000years", "World Scientists' Warning to Humanity: A Second Notice", "Vertebrates on the brink as indicators of biological annihilation and the sixth mass extinction", "The past and future human impact on mammalian diversity", Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, "Anthropocene: Have humans created a new geological age? [69], In 2020, Vox identified China Uncensored and NTD as affiliates of The Epoch Times, as part of a multilingual "media empire". "[46] Crutzen has explained, "I was at a conference where someone said something about the Holocene. How Did Humans First Alter Global Climate? [119][120], Professor of Earth System Science Mark Maslin and Professor of Global Change Science Simon L. Lewis argue that the start of the Anthropocene should be dated to the Orbis Spike, a trough in carbon dioxide levels associated with the arrival of Europeans in the Americas. Returns the current time measured in the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch (January 1 1970 00:00:00 GMT). "[121][122], Snopes found that The BL was using more than 300 fake Facebook profiles based in Vietnam and other countries, using names, stock photos and celebrity photos in their profiles to emulate Americans, to administer more than 150 pro-Trump Facebook groups amplifying its content. [124], The New York Times reported that The BL had used fake profile photos generated by artificial intelligence. [6][20] A majority of the commission decided the proposal had merit and should be examined further. It means that we are the first people to live in an age defined by human choice, in which the dominant risk to our survival is ourselves. "[145][146], The concept of the Anthropocene has also been approached via humanities such as philosophy, literature and art. An example from archaeology would be dark earth phenomena when long-term human habitation enriches the soil with black carbon. A common astronomical epoch is J2000, which is noon on January 1, 2000, Terrestrial Time. [121][122], A number of other anthropologists, geographers, and postcolonial, settler colonial, and Indigenous theorists, including Mtis anthropologist Zoe Todd and Potawatomi philosopher Kyle Powys Whyte have also linked the Anthropocene to the rise of European colonialism. Copyright 2011-2021 www.javatpoint.com. "[30], A former Epoch Times reporter who covered the 2016 campaign, Steve Klett, said his editors had encouraged favorable coverage of Trump after he won the Republican nomination, and that "they seemed to have this almost messianic way of viewing Trump as the anti-Communist leader who would bring about the end of the Chinese Communist Party. [22], The misinformation tracker NewsGuard called the French page of The Epoch Times one of the "super-spreaders" of COVID-19 misinformation on Facebook, citing an Epoch Times article that suggested the virus was artificially created. [132] Although it is apparent that the Industrial Revolution ushered in an unprecedented global human impact on the planet,[133] much of Earth's landscape already had been profoundly modified by human activities. [139][93], Ming Xia, a political science professor at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, wrote in 2007 that The Epoch Times represents part of Falun Gong's strategic effort to expand to non-practitioners, and "embed itself into the large civil society for influence and legitimacy. : A Manifesto for Ecological Justice in an Age of Global Crises", "Indigenous Climate Change Studies: Indigenizing Futures, Decolonizing the Anthropocene", "Indigenous science (fiction) for the Anthropocene: Ancestral dystopias and fantasies of climate change crises", "In The Anthropocene" song from Nick Mulvey, CMU: Nick Mulvey releases vinyl made from recycled plastic washed up on Cornish beaches, "The Anthropocene Reviewed WNYC Studios and Complexly", "CATTLE DECAPITATION To Release 'The Anthropocene Extinction' This August Via Metal Blade Records", The Shock of the Anthropocene. Concentrations of these components increases markedly and almost simultaneously around the world beginning around 1950. That's not the problem", "The German Edition of Falun Gong's 'Epoch Times' Aligns with the Far Right", "Virus Conspiracists Elevate a New Champion", "The Obscure Newspaper Fueling the Far-Right in Europe", "Guo Wengui and Steve Bannon Are Flooding the Zone With Hunter Biden Conspiracies", "A 'loud mouth' writer says the White House broke its own briefing-room rules. The epoch is the point where the time starts, the return value of time.gmtime(0). Reference point from which time is measured, Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epoch&oldid=1087265578, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 May 2022, at 12:08. [142], In his book Blocked on Weibo: What Gets Suppressed on China's Version of Twitter and Why, University of Toronto research fellow Jason Q. Ng referred to the paper's coverage of mainland China issues as "heavily biased against the Communist Party" and thus its reportage "should be viewed skeptically. and "Evil people will die early", prompting Chinese officials to refuse to attend a ceremonial lunch in protest. By December 2019, the BL network of pages had 28 million Facebook followers, according to Snopes. For example, the Unix system time 1 000 000 000 seconds since the beginning of the epoch translates into the calendar time 9 September 2001 01:46:40 UT. [83][84] A 2022 study published in Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, which surveyed more than 3,000 experts, states that the extinction crisis could be worse than previously thought, and estimates that roughly 30% of species "have been globally threatened or driven extinct since the year 1500. [41][36], The paper has financially benefited from its promotion of Trump conspiracies, increasing its revenue nearly fourfold during the first three years of Trump's administration (from $3.9 million in 2016 to $15.5 million in 2019) as it catered to Trump's most ardent supporters, to whom the paper marketed itself via targeted social media advertising. I suddenly thought this was wrong. The authors are members of the AWG who had voted against the official proposal of a starting date in the mid-20th century, and sought to reconcile some of the previous models (including Ruddiman and Maslin proposals). [33] Other scholars point to the diachronous character of the physical strata of the Anthropocene, arguing that onset and impact are spread out over time, not reducible to a single instant or date of start. [30][118], Political ad spending on Facebook in April 2019 through an account called "Coverage of the Trump Presidency by The Epoch Times" exceeded any politician's spending except Trump's and Joe Biden's. Various start dates for the Anthropocene have been proposed, ranging from the beginning of the Agricultural Revolution 12,00015,000years ago, to as recently as the 1960s. Using 'strtotime': strtotime parses most English language date texts to epoch/Unix Time. [69] A study published in May 2017 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences noted that a "biological annihilation" akin to a sixth mass extinction event is underway as a result of anthropogenic causes. [100][107] Opinion columns published by conservative tabloid The Toronto Sun accused the CBC of bias against The Epoch Times[108][109] and said the CBC's report may have misled readers into thinking The Epoch Times was spreading anti-Asian sentiment. We are a click away. We Are to Blame", "Clustered versus catastrophic global vertebrate declines", "Underestimating the Challenges of Avoiding a Ghastly Future", "The Economics of Biodiversity: The Dasgupta Review Headline Messages", "Economics of biodiversity review: what are the recommendations? For example, Unix time is represented as the number of seconds since 00:00:00 UTC on 1 January 1970, A common astronomical epoch is J2000, which is noon on January 1, 2000, Terrestrial Time. Time-scale The batch size is a gradient descent hyperparameter that measures the number of training samples to be trained before updating the model's internal parameters to work through the batch. [41] Only one of the seven YouTube channels disclosed its ties to The Epoch Times or Falun Gong. [66] Former employees have said that criticizing The Epoch Times amounts to disobeying Li. For example, Unix time is represented as the number of seconds since 00:00:00 UTC on 1 January 1970, not counting leap seconds. [31] Special print editions have also been erratically published in France. "[79] Orville Schell, dean of the Graduate School of Journalism at University of California, Berkeley, said in 2005 that "It's hard to vouch for their quality because it's difficult to corroborate, but it's not something to be dismissed as pure propaganda. [75] As of March 2022, The Epoch Times is planning to expand into the United Kingdom. [161] Together with the Rachel Carson Center for Environment and Society (RCC), the Deutsches Museum (Munich, Germany) hosted a major special exhibition on the Anthropocene from December2014 September2016, "Welcome to the Anthropocene: The Earth in our hands",[162] which was then digitized as a virtual exhibition on the RCC's Environment & Society Portal. [47], In 2005, the San Francisco Chronicle reported that "three new U.S.-based, Chinese-language media outlets that provide provocative reporting about the Communist Party, government oppression and social unrest in China (namely The Epoch Times, Sound of Hope, and NTDTV) have ties to the Falun Gong spiritual movement." [31], The Epoch Times opposes the Chinese Communist Party,[32][33][22] promotes far-right politicians in Europe,[8][10][22] and has championed former President Donald Trump in the U.S.;[34][35] a 2019 report by NBC News showed it to be the second-largest funder of pro-Trump Facebook advertising after the Trump campaign. [20][25] Other scientists link the new term to earlier events, such as the rise of agriculture and the Neolithic Revolution (around 12,000years BP). They Help Spread Misinformation", "Trump, QAnon and an impending judgment day: Behind the Facebook-fueled rise of The Epoch Times", "Dissident media linked to Falun Gong / Chinese-language print, broadcast outlets in U.S. are making waves", "Falun Gong-aligned media push fake news about Democrats and Chinese communists", "How The Epoch Times Created a Giant Influence Machine", "A Newspaper Banned In China Is Now One Of Trump's Biggest Defenders", "Behind the blitz: Falun Gong practitioners spend millions on Shen Yun ads. Although the validity of "Anthropocene" as a scientific term remains disputed, its underlying premise, i.e., that humans have become a geological force, or rather, the dominant force shaping the Earth's climate, has found traction among academics and the public. 1989. As Bould writes: "talking about a geological epoch invites awestruck recoil at sublime magnitudes, which is not necessarily a bad thing, since hubris should be clobbered once in a while, but also risks evasion and complacency."[173]. "[187] Other aspects which constitute current understandings of the concept of the "Anthropocene" such as the ontological split between nature and society, the assumption of the centrality and individuality of the human, and the framing of environmental discourse in largely scientific terms have been criticized by scholars as concepts rooted in colonialism and which reinforce systems of postcolonial domination. [156] In 2001, historian of science Naomi Oreskes revealed the systematic efforts to undermine trust in climate change science and went on to detail the corporate interests delaying action on the environmental challenge. [98] Calthemites grow on or under man-made structures (including mines and tunnels) and mimic the shapes and forms of cave speleothems, such as stalactites, stalagmites, flowstone etc. [79] According to sociologist Yuezhi Zhao, "While mainstream newspapers typically treat Web versions as an extension of the already-existing print version, The Epoch Times website serves as the master for all its worldwide papers."[47]. including Maria Dornelas, disputed the findings of the Living Planet Report, finding that the 68% decline number was being influenced down by a very small amount extreme outliers and when these were not included, the decline was less steep, or even stable if other outliers were not included. According to Carusone, the metric of success for The Epoch Times is simply influence rather than money or a specific political agenda. The argument indicated that finding a single GSSP would be impractical, given human-induced changes in the Earth system occurred at different periods, in different places, and spread under different rates. [108] At that point, humans were dispersed across all continents except Antarctica, and the Neolithic Revolution was ongoing. These numbers are also not fixed values and, depending on the algorithm, it may be necessary to try different integer values before finding the most appropriate value for the procedure. [75] In Germany, The Epoch Times has published articles blasting the legitimacy of PCR tests and promoting conspiracy theories about vaccination mishaps. In the scholarly world, it has been the subject of increasing attention through special journals,[147] conferences,[148][149] and disciplinary reports. The Epoch Times has websites in 35 countries but is blocked in mainland China.. Furthermore, since the epoch count is 1,000, the entire dataset passes by the model, and the model itself passes through 1.000 runs. viiviii, 163, 221223, 229. current definition and status", "The Anthropocene epoch: Scientists declare dawn of human-influenced age", "Anthropocene now: Influential panel votes to recognize Earth's new epoch", "The cataclysmic break that (maybe) occurred in 1950", "The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (Foreword)", "Links between global taxonomic diversity, ecological diversity and the expansion of vertebrates on land", "The biodiversity of species and their rates of extinction, distribution, and protection", "Accelerated modern humaninduced species losses: Entering the sixth mass extinction", "Ecological selectivity of the emerging mass extinction in the oceans", "Biophysical feedbacks between the Pleistocene megafauna extinction and climate: The first human-induced global warming? [160] Since 2007, historians and scientists have been actively collaborating on multidisciplinary approaches to the Anthropocene. They also go on to say that associating the Anthropocene to European arrival in the Americas makes sense given that the continent's colonization was instrumental in the development of global trade networks and the capitalist economy, which played a significant role in initiating the Industrial Revolution and the Great Acceleration. [154] Some scholars have posited that the realities of the Anthropocene, including "human-induced biodiversity loss, exponential increases in per-capita resource consumption, and global climate change," have made the goal of environmental sustainability largely unattainable and obsolete.[155]. [24] The new epoch has no agreed start-date, but one proposal, based on atmospheric evidence, is to fix the start with the Industrial Revolution c.1780, with the invention of the steam engine. [189] Similarly, in her study of the Ladakhi people in northern India, the anthropologist Karine Gagn, detailed their understanding of the relation between nonhuman and human agency as one that is deeply intimate and mutual. Era 0 includes dates from the prime epoch to some time in 2036, when the timestamp field wraps around and the base date for era 1 is established. This has occurred in part as a result of changing climate, but also in response to farming and fishing, and to the accidental introduction of non-native species to new areas through global travel. In chronology and periodization, an epoch or reference epoch is an instant in time chosen as the origin of a particular calendar era. The Epoch Times and Tierra Pura denied being linked. [26], Anthropogenic extinctions started as humans migrated out of Africa over 60,000 years ago. Example. As of April2022[update], neither the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) nor the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) has officially approved the term as a recognised subdivision of geologic time,[9][10] although the Anthropocene Working Group (AWG) of the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (SQS) of the ICS voted in April 2016 to proceed towards a formal golden spike (GSSP) proposal to define the Anthropocene epoch in the geologic time scale (GTS) and presented the recommendation to the International Geological Congress in August 2016. [76], According to a Facebook report released in August 2021, a subscription page for The Epoch Times received 44.2 million views between April and June 2021. [82] A report by the OpenNet Initiative said that 90% of websites mentioning the phrase "Nine Commentaries" were blocked in mainland China as of 2005. While acknowledging the "unnecessary violence" the Chinese Communist Party has inflicted, Ownby finds that the lack of balance and nuance in tone and style makes the editorials resemble "anti-Communist propaganda written in Taiwan in the 1950s". Other scholars appreciate the way in which the term "Anthropocene" recognizes humanity as a geological force, but take issue with the indiscriminate way in which it does. [20], Homogenocene (from old Greek: homo-, same; geno-, kind; kainos-, new;) is a more specific term used to define our current epoch, in which biodiversity is diminishing and biogeography and ecosystems around the globe seem more and more similar to one another mainly due to invasive species that have been introduced around the globe either on purpose (crops, livestock) or inadvertently. [127], TruthMedia, now banned from Facebook, continues to operate YouTube channels in Chinese, English, Japanese, and Vietnamese, and has accounts on Pinterest and Twitter. [104], A widely viewed video released by The Epoch Times on April 7, 2020, was flagged by Facebook as "partly false" for "the unsupported hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 is a bioengineered virus released from a Wuhan research laboratory." "[125][89], On August 6, 2020, Facebook removed hundreds of fake accounts by a digital company called TruthMedia that promoted Epoch Times and NTD content and pro-Trump conspiracy theories about COVID-19 and protests in the United States. [22] According to Josef Holnburger of the Center for Monitoring, Analysis and Strategy, a German extremism monitoring agency, The Epoch Times's German edition has been the most shared outlet among Germany's COVID-skeptic movement. "[140], The misinformation tracker NewsGuard said that The Epoch Times "fails to gather and present information responsibly, rarely corrects or clarifies errors and remains opaque as to its ownership and funding". [71], In France, "special" French-language print editions of The Epoch Times were distributed in 2021 during anti-Health pass protests. "[47]:21[48] In 2008, Zalasiewicz suggested in GSA Today that an anthropocene epoch is now appropriate. To prevent the algorithm from running, one can use a fixed epoch number and factor in the model error rate of change over time. "[80], In September 2017, the German edition, The Epoch Times Deutschland, which became Web-only in 2012, was described by online magazine The China File as aligned with the German far-right, and attractive to supporters of the Alternative for Germany (AfD) party and the anti-immigrant group Pegida. The Earth, History and Us, "Ozymandias in the Anthropocene: the city as an emerging landform", "The soundscape of the Anthropocene ocean", "Dating the Anthropocene: Towards an empirical global history of human transformation of the terrestrial biosphere", Whose Anthropocene? How do they do it? [81] The Epoch Times also organized a campaign called the Tuidang movement, urging people to quit the Chinese Communist Party, and said that more than 2 million people had resigned. ", "The Sixth Mass Extinction: fact, fiction or speculation? "[41], The Epoch Times has spread misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic in print and via social media including Facebook and YouTube. "[94] Jennifer Grygiel, an associate professor of communication at Syracuse University's S. I. Newhouse School of Public Communications, said that The Epoch Times is "a notorious outlet that has been known to spread disinformation and misinformation. An early concept for the Anthropocene was the Noosphere by Vladimir Vernadsky, who in 1938 wrote of "scientific thought as a geological force". The anthropologist John Hartigan has argued that due its status as a charismatic meta-category, the term "Anthropocene" marginalizes competing, but less visible, concepts such as that of "multispecies. Steve Bannon, the former executive chairman of Breitbart News who produced a documentary with NTD, said "I'd give them a number" on a project budget and "they'd come back and say, 'We're good for that number.'" Anthropocene: Have humans created a new geological age? "[190] The Ladakhi, who live in the Himalayas, for example, have seen the retreat of the glaciers not just as a physical loss, but also as the loss of entities which generate knowledge, compel ethical reflections, and foster intimacy. The CBC later retracted a headline on its story that had quoted a recipient saying the special edition was "racist and inflammatory", and the CBC also retracted a claim that The Epoch Times edition had concluded that COVID-19 was a bioweapon. In addition to "Capitalocene," other terms have also been proposed by scholars to trace the roots of the Epoch to causes other than the human species broadly. An epoch in Geochronology is a period of time, typically in the order of tens of millions of years. The Economist: The Anthropocene: A Man-Made World, Ten Things to Know About the Anthropocene, (2014) Noam Chomsky: The Anthropocene Period and its Challenges, UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm 1972), International Union of Geological Sciences, Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point, 1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, Power Down: Options and Actions for a Post-Carbon World, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, "With their mark on Earth, humans may name era, too", "The Anthropocene: a primer for geographers", "International Chronostratigraphic Chart", "What is the Anthropocene? [12][13] Possible markers include microplastics, heavy metals, or the radioactive nuclei left by tests from thermonuclear weapons.[38]. For example, in the Upper Fremont Glacier in Wyoming, there is a layer of chlorine present in ice cores from 1960's atomic weapon testing programs, as well as a layer of mercury associated with coal plants in the 1980s. [34], The Epoch Times publishes in 21 languages and 33 countries,[22] and has print editions in eight languages: Chinese, English, Spanish, Hebrew, Vietnamese, Japanese, Korean, and Indonesian. Todd also provides a phenomenological account, which draws on the work of the philosopher Sara Ahmed, writing: "When discourses and responses to the Anthropocene are being generated within institutions and disciplines which are embedded in broader systems that act as de facto 'white public space,' the academy and its power dynamics must be challenged. The first example adds a time zone to a value that lacks it, and displays the value using the current TimeZone setting. Also, in this case, machine learning consists of 40 batches in one epoch, which means that the model will be updated 40 times. Second, we calculate 3 days in epoch measures (seconds) as follows (86400 * 3) Third, compare the current time with the signup time, plus the 3 days epoch value. In 2000, the same year that Paul Crutzen coined the term, world historian John McNeill published Something New Under the Sun,[156] tracing the rise of human societies' unprecedented impact on the planet in the twentieth century. 'Ozymandias in the Anthropocene: the city as an emerging landform', "Have humans created a new geological age? Our relationship with nature is broken. [113][114], The Epoch Times publishes a web series with conservative commentator Larry Elder, a candidate in the 2021 recall election against California governor Gavin Newsom. [52], The human impact on biodiversity forms one of the primary attributes of the Anthropocene. The Plantationocene concept traces "the ways that plantation logics organize modern economies, environments, bodies, and social relations. The Epoch Times is a far-right[1] international multi-language newspaper and media company affiliated with the Falun Gong new religious movement. [19][90], The publication championed Trump's Spygate conspiracy theory in its news coverage and advertising, and the Epoch Media Group's Edge of Wonder videos on YouTube spread the far-right, pro-Trump QAnon conspiracy theory[30] and embraced false QAnon claims. [109], In February 2021, an investigator for EU DisinfoLab found that Tierra Pura, a Spanish-language website first launched in Argentina in March 2020 that publishes COVID-19 misinformation, is closely linked to The Epoch Times and Falun Gong. "[143], A 2018 report by the Hoover Institution, a conservative think tank, called The Epoch Times one of the few independent Chinese-language media outlets in the U.S. not taken over by businessmen sympathetic to the Chinese government. This wave was driven by both the direct activity of humans (e.g. FIND MY ACCOUNT. [41], One of the channels ("Eye Opener With Michael Lewis") portrays itself as an independent effort by the host "and a few friends". The term "anthropocene" is informally used in scientific contexts. Janae Davis, for example, has suggested the "Plantationocene" as a more appropriate term to call attention to the role that plantation agriculture has played in the formation of the Epoch, alongside Kathryn Yusoff's argument that racism as a whole is foundational to the Epoch. In 2008, the Stratigraphy Commission of the Geological Society of London considered a proposal to make the Anthropocene a formal unit of geological epoch divisions. The term "anthropocene" is informally used in scientific contexts. [34] The founders said they were responding to censorship inside China and a lack of international understanding about the Chinese government's repression of Falun Gong. [60] Journalist Oscar Schwartz called the Nine Commentaries a "quasi-McCarthyist screed". A for-loop is a nested for-loop that allows the loop to iterate over a specified sample number in a batch when the "batch size" number is specified as one. The current epoch is the Holocene. [14] In May 2019, 29members of the 34person AWG panel voted in favour of an official proposal to be made by 2021. [138] Human activity is now firmly established as the sixth factor of soil formation. See also The term seconds since the epoch refers to the total number of elapsed seconds since the epoch, typically excluding leap seconds. The model updates when a specific number of samples are processed, known as the batch size of the samples. Crawley MJ. [35] The organization produced a 93-minute video that falsely suggested widespread fraud in the counting; one interviewee, attorney Lin Wood, falsely alleged that China had bought an American election vendor. The emotional responses are inherently adaptive and with appropriate support can lead to action and collective support. Paul J. Crutzen is credited with independently re-inventing and popularising it. United States Congressional-Executive Commission on China, Misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic Wuhan lab origin, misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic, Center for Monitoring, Analysis and Strategy, Atlantic Council Digital Forensic Research Lab, Chinese Students and Scholars Association, Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, protocols professional journalists abide by, Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy, S. I. Newhouse School of Public Communications, "Conceptualizing "Dark Platforms". [86], Li Yi, a Hong Kong-based democratic activist, questioned The Epoch Times's claims about the number of resignations in an Apple Daily opinion piece in 2006, warned that the Tuidang movement could be using "lies to fight lies", and wrote that the propagandistic nature of the movement could hurt the integrity of the pro-democracy community. In May 2019 the twenty-nine members of the Anthropocene Working Group (AWG) proposed a start date for the Epoch in the mid-twentieth century, as that period saw "a rapidly rising human population accelerated the pace of industrial production, the use of agricultural chemicals and other human activities. [122], The editor-in-chief of The BL had previously worked as editor-in-chief of The Epoch Times, and several other BL employees were listed as current or former Epoch Times employees. In either format, a value of zero is a special case representing unknown or unsynchronized time. The name Anthropocene is a combination of anthropo- from the Ancient Greek (anthropos) meaning 'human' and -cene from (kainos) meaning 'new' or 'recent'. Methane: A Scientific Journey from Obscurity to Climate Super-Stardom. When interviewed, executives at each outlet claimed they did not represent the Falun Gong movement as a whole. Consider this example from an era in machine learning. Note: . "[99], On April 29, 2020, a Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) story reported that some Canadians were upset to receive a special edition of The Epoch Times that called COVID-19 the "CCP virus". From 1950 alone, algal biomass decreased by around 40%, probably in response to ocean warming[63], and that the decline had gathered pace in recent years. Direct changes to the form of the Earth's surface by human activities (quarrying and landscaping, for example) also record human impacts. [55][56][57][58][59] Most experts agree that human activities have accelerated the rate of species extinction. [30][34], The newspaper's revenue has increased rapidly in recent years, from $3.8 million in 2016 to $8.1 million in 2017 (with spending of $7.2 million), $12.4 million in 2018[71] and $15.5 million in 2019. [115], The newspaper has been sued multiple times for copyright infringements;[116] two class action suits have also been filed against it for misuse of personal information. Per Zhao, Epoch portrays itself as neutral, independent, and public-interest oriented. The epoch, then, is the starting point against which you can measure the passage of time. The scholar Mark Bould has similarly criticized "Anthropocene" as a concept. [157][158] Both McNeill and Oreskes became members of the Anthropocene Working Group because of their work correlating human activities and planetary transformation. 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Reported that the epoch Times website and NTD were viewed hundreds of thousands of Times Zalasiewicz!: the city as an emerging landform ', `` I began using the current setting... And almost simultaneously around the world beginning around 1950 centuries or millennia number usually! We entered a new geological age portrays itself as neutral, independent, and 131I generated... Co2 ) content historians and scientists have been actively collaborating on multidisciplinary approaches the... Blocked in mainland China ] a majority of the video on YouTube, the dataset under training 239Pu 240Pu! Plantationocene concept traces `` the ways that plantation logics organize modern economies, environments,,... Have had significant impact on biodiversity forms one of the Anthropocene began approximately 8,000years ago the. Rather than money or a specific number of samples are processed, known as the size.